Electrochemical dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol to phenol

[janelee]

An investigation into the ability of metals to dechlorinate certain toxic volatile organic compounds has resulted in the use of palladium in potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrolysis to effect dechlorination. Dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol to phenol was effected by running the compound through an electrolytic process wherein the electrodes were coated with palladium. This innovation allowed for faster dissociation of chlorine from the compound. This may be due to the ability of palladium to intercalate hydrogen in its lattice. The hydrogen being responsible in binding the organic base and liberating chlorine as an ion in the solution.

[rajan84]

Nanoscale palladized iron (Pd/Fe) bimetallic particles were prepared by reductive deposition method. The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-nitrogen (BET-N2) method. Data obtained from those methods indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles contained α-Fe°. Detected Pd to Fe ratio by weight (Pd/Fe ratio) was close to theoretical value. Spherical granules with diameter of 47±11.5 nm connected with one another to form chains and the chains composed nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles. Specific surface area of particles was 51 m2/g. The factors, such as species of reductants, Pd/Fe ratio, dose of nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles added into solutions, solution initial pH, and a variety of solvents were studied. Dechlorination effect of monochloroacetic acid by different reductants followed the trend: nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles of 0.182% Pd/Fe > nanoscale Fe > reductive Fe. When the Pd/Fe ratio was lower than 0.083%, increasing Pd/Fe ratio would increase dechlorination efficiency (DE) of MCAA. When the Pd/Fe ratio was higher than 0.083%, increasing Pd/Fe ratio caused a decrease in DE. Adding more nanoscale Pd/Fe bimetallic particles to solution would enhance DE. The DE of MCAA decreased as initial pH of solution increased.

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